[分享]未来城市建筑—— 木质结构正以一种“新的方式”卷土重来。

作者：北岛Land‖ 时间: 2018-11-27 00:00 阅读: 次大中小

随着气候变化意识日益高涨的时代，建筑师们面对道德、可持续的设计需求，木质建筑正以一种新的、技术上令人印象深刻的方式卷土重来。在现代主义时代，人们普遍忽略了这一点，近年来，世界各地的木质建筑已不计其数。仅在今年，日本公布2041年前要在东京建造一座超高层木质摩天大楼，而欧洲大陆已划在荷兰建造了世界上最大的木结构建筑，以及世界上最高的挪威木材塔楼。

木材成为未来可持续城市的主要材料，2018年在美国也被作为主要材料。不断发展的规范和木材的日益普及促使公司，大学和机构在全国范围内研究和投资雄心勃勃的项目。

今年，俄勒冈州木质高层建筑定为地标建筑，麻省理工学院推出其技术驱动的预制长屋项目，以及阿肯色大学开始建设该国首个高等教育木质宿舍楼。作为“改善城市蓝图”主题的一部分，木材的好处也在AIA 2018建筑大会上展示。

鉴于通过木材的增长和潜力，作者已汇集了四个目前正在美国进行研究和概念化的项目，这些项目正在重新定义木材的可能性。从布鲁克林的一座桥到费城，芝加哥和旧金山的木质塔楼，未来的计划提供了四个木质建筑如何重新定义未来美国城市的天际线。

费城木质塔楼

来自Hickok Cole的Sean McTaggart领导的DC设计师入围了费城木质项目Skyhive摩天楼竞赛，展示了作为钢和混凝土替代品的可行性。在为费城天际线设计新地标的过程中，该团队还获得了一笔拨款，用于在华盛顿建造一个大型木材保护站。

Timber Towers in Philadelphia

DC Designers led by Sean McTaggart from Hickok Cole were shortlisted for the Skyhive Skyscraper challenge for the Philly Timber Towers project, demonstrating the viability of the mass timber high-rise as an alternative to steel and concrete. While in the process of designing the new landmark for Philadelphia’s skyline, the group also received a grant to work on a mass timber Ranger Station in DC.

芝加哥80层高的河山毛榉塔

Perkins + Will的建筑师与Thornton Tomasetti的工程师合作，在芝加哥建造了一座80层高的大型木结构建筑。该方案采用外部双栅格系统，充分利用木材。Skidmore，Owings和Merrill Timber Towers的研究表明，木材 - 混凝土混合动力系统可以支撑82,000磅的荷载（所需载荷的8倍）及一些钢混合动力系统。

80-story River Beech Tower in Chicago

Architects at Perkins+Will, working with engineers at Thornton Tomasetti, have conceptualized an 80-story mass timber building in Chicago. The scheme features 300 duplex units using an exterior diagrid system that leverages the natural axial strength of timber. This concept has been informed by recent Skidmore, Owings and Merrill Timber Towers research which found that timber-concrete hybrid systems can support loads of 82,000 pounds (8 times the required load) along with some steel hybrid systems that could be marketable in terms of bay sizes and floor openings.

旧金山的木结构住房

DLR集团旧金山办事处的设计师Jose Brunner在旧金山的一个标志性建筑顶部设计了一个模块化木塔，该项目利用大量木材作为替代开发轻质材料的潜力，在城市中心提供额外的住房，而无需拆除现有结构或取代现有居民。

Mass Timber Multifamily in San Francisco

Jose Brunner, a designer at DLR Group's San Francisco office, designed a modular timber tower atop a landmark building in San Francisco’s Mission District for the "Mission: Housing design competition." The project exploits mass timber's potential as a strong but light-weight material for alternative development, providing additional housing in the heart of the city without the need to demolish of existing structures or displace existing residents.

布鲁克林的木结构人行桥

在过去的几年里，CRèME的建筑师Jun Aizaki设计了木结构人行桥；设计方案的漂浮通道应该用木头建造。连接布鲁克林和昆斯区，改善行人交通，创造绿色空间，并将长岛市和绿色社区连接到一个名为“LongPoint”的新社区。

Timber Bridge at LongPoint Corridor in Brooklyn, NYC

For the past few years, architect Jun Aizaki of CRèME has been working on the Timber Bridge at LongPoint Corridor; a floating passageway he proposes should be made of wood. Linking Brooklyn and Queens, the bridge exploits an opportunity to improve pedestrian transit, create green spaces, and connect the communities of Long Island City and Greenpoint into a new neighborhood coined "LongPoint."